{"id":18,"date":"2016-12-20T00:06:39","date_gmt":"2016-12-19T23:06:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th?page_id=18"},"modified":"2024-06-16T06:57:39","modified_gmt":"2024-06-16T04:57:39","slug":"bee-the-change","status":"publish","type":"project","link":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/project\/bee-the-change\/","title":{"rendered":"Bee the Change"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Bees take on the duty to prevent crop field intrusions and foster peaceful coexistence of elephants and farmers in Thailand.<\/p><p>The recent agricultural expansion in what was previously elephant territory led to more conflicts between majestic elephants and farming communities living on the outskirts of the old-growth forests. Both human and elephant populations are increasing and have a crucial need for vital resources such as water and crops. But conflict is not inevitable, and our mission is to ensure local communities find a peaceful way to prevent elephants from intruding on their territory. To fulfil this aim, the use of beehive fences is a win-win solution.<\/p><p>Beehive fences can reduce crop damage by Asian elephants and generate supplemental income for farmers in Thailand. As such, they have the potential to prevent violent conflicts between people and the world\u2019s largest land animals and establish new forms of peaceful coexistence.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bees are helping Thailand\u2019s elephants and farmers to peacefully coexist\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/kZ35Ri_dT2A?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><p>Our study was conducted in Kaeng Hang Maeo district of Chanthaburi province in Eastern Thailand, an area of high human-elephant conflict, consisting of farmland surrounded by Protected Areas.<br>Our research team first gained insight into the local communities\u2019 attitudes towards elephants. It appeared that the majority of households encountered elephants at least once a week, had experienced negative impacts from elephants including damage to crops and property and that these problems were increasing. Most farmers had not gained any benefit from living with elephants. Nevertheless, two-thirds of the respondents reported being tolerant towards elephants, if only they would stop causing damage. It indicated the need for solutions that combined elephant damage reduction with benefits for local people.<\/p><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bees and elephants research<\/h4><p>Elephants even have a specific bee alarm rumble vocalization they use to warn others, so they dissuade other elephants to raid. Implementing such a deterrence method can also help fostering research on vocalization and communication in elephants, and as you can see in the videos, it creates wonderful observation opportunities.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/bcd7c73d-figure-1-new-1024x563.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5730\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/bcd7c73d-figure-1-new-1024x563.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/bcd7c73d-figure-1-new-300x165.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/bcd7c73d-figure-1-new-768x422.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/bcd7c73d-figure-1-new.jpg 1274w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Map of Thailand indicating Chanthaburi province in Eastern Thailand (left). The pilot farm is located in the Pawa sub-district, in Kaeng Hang Maeo district, which is surrounded by protected areas. The HEC hotspot areas in Kaeng Hang Maeo district are indicated as transparent red (center) (adapted from Kitratporn &amp; Takeuchi,&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/csp2.260#csp2260-bib-0026\">2020<\/a>). The questionnaires were distributed in Villages 1, 6, 8, and 9 of Pawa sub-district<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Asian elephant approaching beehive fence in Thailand\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/lbTpzsLE1lk?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Asian elephant approaching beehive fence in Thailand\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/EwfFeaIxKK4?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">In the majority of the elephant\u2010fence interactions in our study (70.7%), the elephants exhibited some type of attentive or alarm behavior. The most commonly observed behaviors were touching or reaching out to the fence and slowly retreating or fleeing. Elephants also exhibited interruption of other behaviors (freezing), spreading of ears, ear flapping, tail in the air, and other behaviors in response to the beehive fence.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"625\" src=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/faa5fdc7-reactionsbeehivefence-1024x625.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/faa5fdc7-reactionsbeehivefence-1024x625.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/faa5fdc7-reactionsbeehivefence-300x183.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/faa5fdc7-reactionsbeehivefence-768x469.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/faa5fdc7-reactionsbeehivefence.jpg 1044w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Classification of 174 observations of behaviors exhibited by the 155 elephants (the same elephant can show more than one behavior). For more details, please check <a href=\"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/csp2.260\">our publication<\/a>. Figure by Emile Bryon.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/3b3bcc07-beehivefence-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5734\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/3b3bcc07-beehivefence-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/3b3bcc07-beehivefence-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/3b3bcc07-beehivefence-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/3b3bcc07-beehivefence.jpg 1386w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p><br>Bees have the potential to deter elephants as well as provide additional income to farmers from honey. To evaluate this idea, we set up a pilot beehive fence. We surrounded a 0.4 ha subsistence farm with a 250m fence, on which 40 beehives were suspended. The beehives were outfitted with a low-cost trigger mechanism developed by a regional wildlife research station, which opens the hives to activate dormant bees, as soon as elephants try to break the fence at night. Camera-traps on trees near the fence recorded the elephants\u2019 reactions. The results of this pilot study indicated that over <strong>60% of the elephant groups and over 85% of the individual elephants were deterred<\/strong> by the newly installed beehive fence. The elephants that came close to the beehive fence showed typical signs of increased alertness and uncertainty and often slowly backed away. The farm owner reported a strong reduction in crop damage after the beehive fence was installed, as well as additional benefits, including the supplemental income from honey and honeybee queens.<\/p><p>Our research team suggest that, for maximum impact, beehive fences can be combined with complementary methods such as growing <strong>crops unattractive to elephants<\/strong>. For instance, the farm owner in this study started growing chilli and lemongrass along the beehive fence as an extra barrier &#8211; and as a source of income. For more details about alternative crops to prevent crop-raiding, check out BTEH&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/th.bteh.org\/project\/the-tom-yum-project\/\">Tom Yum project<\/a>.<\/p><p>The implementation of beehive fences might be prioritized on smaller farms that are close to significant elephant populations or located along commonly utilized elephant pathways.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"579\" src=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/0f8e92c0-alternativecrops-1024x579.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5735\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/0f8e92c0-alternativecrops-1024x579.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/0f8e92c0-alternativecrops-300x170.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/0f8e92c0-alternativecrops-768x434.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/0f8e92c0-alternativecrops.jpg 1342w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A potential solution for HEC mitigation, combining beehive fencing, alternative crops and crop guarding. Design by Emile Bryon.<\/figcaption><\/figure><div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2016\/12\/3bf5e385-img_3619-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5128\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2016\/12\/3bf5e385-img_3619-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2016\/12\/3bf5e385-img_3619-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2016\/12\/3bf5e385-img_3619-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2016\/12\/3bf5e385-img_3619-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2016\/12\/3bf5e385-img_3619.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p><\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/9e224eaa-img_3623-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5129\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/9e224eaa-img_3623-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/9e224eaa-img_3623-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/9e224eaa-img_3623-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/9e224eaa-img_3623-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/9e224eaa-img_3623.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><p><\/p><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/bf46e343-img_3624-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5130\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/bf46e343-img_3624-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/bf46e343-img_3624-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/bf46e343-img_3624-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/bf46e343-img_3624-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2020\/03\/bf46e343-img_3624.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div><p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Beehives were outfitted with a low\u2010cost trigger mechanism developed by the Phuluang Wildlife Research Station, which opens the hives to activate dormant bees during fence\u2010breaking attempts occurring at night. The hive opens when an elephant pushes the rope and closes again when the rope is released.<\/p><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">About this study<\/h4><p>This study was a collaboration of Bring The Elephant Home Foundation, the Phuluang Wildlife Research Station, <a href=\"https:\/\/projectdragonfly.miamioh.edu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Project Dragonfly of Miami University<\/a>, the <a href=\"http:\/\/ffnacademy.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Future for Nature Academy<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/elephantsandbees.com\/\">Elephants and Bees project of Save the Elephants<\/a>.<\/p><p>The beehive fence research &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/csp2.260\">Beehive fences as a sustainable local solution to human\u2010elephant conflict in Thailand<\/a>&#8221; has been published in <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/conbio.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/10.1111\/csp2.260\" target=\"_blank\">Conservation Science and Practice <\/a>in August, 2020.<\/p><p>Authors: Antoinette van de Water, Lucy E. King, Rachaya Arkajak, Jirachai Arkajak, Nick van Doormaal, Viviana Ceccarelli, Liesbeth Sluiter, Suzan M. Doornwaard, Vera Praet, David Owen and Kevin Matteson.<\/p><p>More research on beehive fences with similar results as our study (about 80% deterrence):<\/p><p>King, L. E., Lala, F., Nzumu, H., Mwambingu, E., &amp; Douglas-Hamilton, I. (2017). <a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/28221699\/\">Beehive fences as a multidimensional conflict-mitigation tool for farmers coexisting with elephants<\/a>. <em>Conservation Biology<\/em>, 31(4), 743\u2013752.<\/p><p><\/p><p><\/p><p>Our related research: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosone\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pone.0194736\">Human-elephant conflict in western Thailand: Socio-economic drivers and potential mitigation strategies<\/a>\u201d has been published in the scientific journal PlosOne in June 2018.<\/p><figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/c2bd5053-img_5166-1024x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5738\" srcset=\"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/c2bd5053-img_5166-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/c2bd5053-img_5166-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/c2bd5053-img_5166-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/c2bd5053-img_5166-768x769.jpg 768w, https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/248\/2021\/06\/c2bd5053-img_5166.jpg 1535w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">You can support the project through a purchase in our webshop <a href=\"https:\/\/elephantandco.org\/\">Elephant &amp; Co<\/a>, where we sell honey fresh from the beehive fences, alternative crop products and other elephant-friendly products.<\/figcaption><\/figure><figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Bee the Change - Bring the Elephant Home\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/I0vyvlIOuBc?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div><\/figure><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bee the Change!<\/h4><p>We are looking for donations to support the implementation of beehive fences in combination with our new <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/th.bteh.org\/project\/the-tom-yum-project\/\" target=\"_blank\">Tom Yum project<\/a>, in human-elephant conflict areas. Please donate online through the form below or shop at <a href=\"https:\/\/elephantandco.org\/\">Elephant &amp; Co<\/a>. Your support will help people and elephants directly and will contribute to a world in which people and animals can coexist peacefully.<\/p><div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-horizontal is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-499968f5 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/elephantandco.org\/\">Visit Elephant &amp; Co Webshop<\/a><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bees take on the duty to prevent crop field intrusions and foster peaceful coexistence of elephants and farmers in Thailand. The recent agricultural expansion in what was previously elephant territory&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":25,"parent":0,"template":"","region":[7],"class_list":["post-18","project","type-project","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","region-thailand"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project\/18","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/project"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/project"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/25"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"region","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bteh.org\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/region?post=18"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}